What is the primary characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

The primary characteristic of multiple sclerosis is the damage to the myelin sheath of the central nervous system. Myelin is a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers and facilitates the rapid transmission of electrical impulses between nerve cells. In multiple sclerosis, the immune system mistakenly attacks this myelin, leading to demyelination. This results in disrupted communication between the brain and various parts of the body, which manifests in various neurological symptoms such as muscle weakness, coordination issues, and sensory disturbances. The chronic nature of this damage contributes to the progressive nature of the disease, often leading to significant disability over time.

Understanding this characteristic is essential for recognizing how multiple sclerosis affects the nervous system and the ensuing clinical symptoms that arise from this condition.