Which conditions are associated with the development of COPD?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is primarily associated with specific risk factors, among which smoking and genetic predisposition play significant roles. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, as it causes inflammation and damage to the airways and lung tissue over time, leading to obstructive symptoms. Additionally, certain genetic factors, such as a deficiency in alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), can predispose individuals to develop COPD, particularly in non-smokers. This genetic component highlights the multifactorial nature of the disease, which is influenced by both environmental exposures and hereditary conditions.

Other options do not capture the primary and recognized causes of COPD. For instance, hereditary disorders alone do not account for the environmental factors that significantly contribute to the onset of COPD. Similarly, while cold weather may impact respiratory health, it is not a known direct cause of COPD. Lastly, while viral infections can exacerbate existing lung conditions, they are not solely responsible for the long-term development of COPD. Thus, the combination of smoking and genetics is the most accurate answer that reflects the current understanding of COPD pathophysiology.